This differs from cryptography, the art of secret writing, which is intended to make a message unreadable by a third party but does not hide the existence of the secret communication. The purpose of steganography is covert communication to hide a message from a third party. Steganography is the art of covered or hidden writing. Examples of software tools that employ steganography to hide data inside of other files as well as software to detect such hidden files will also be presented. Although this paper provides a historical context for steganography, the emphasis is on digital applications, focusing on hiding information in online image or audio files. It is directed at forensic computer examiners who need a practical understanding of steganography without delving into the mathematics, although references are provided to some of the ongoing research for the person who needs or wants additional detail. This paper is intended as a high-level technical introduction to steganography for those unfamiliar with the field. The purpose of steganography is covert communication-to hide the existence of a message from a third party. Research and Technology An Overview of Steganography for the Computer Forensics ExaminerĪbstract | Introduction | Null Ciphers | Digital Image and Audio Digital Carrier MethodsĮxamples | Detecting Steganography | Tools | Summary and Conclusions | ReferencesĪdditional Websites | Companion Downloads | Commercial Vendors Forensic Science Communications - July 2004
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